The wetlands represent crucial natural systems that offer diverse ecosystem services. Examples include regulating and maintaining water systems, providing landing, nesting, and reproductive habitats for migratory species, and facilitating climate regulation through their function as carbon sinks. Consequently, wetlands play a fundamental role in biodiversity conservation and enhancing the quality of life for human populations globally. Tropical wetlands can be subjected to fire events, especially in seasonal areas. Fire in tropical wetlands creates a contradictory issue because we usually think about a wetland as a place without fire and with many adaptations to the flood pulse, such as a particular metabolism to resist waterlogging in plants or the ability of some animals to migrate in floodable zones during these events. Many organisms have developed evolutive adaptations because the flood pulse in these environments is usually predictable. When these environments are also subjected to fire, this extra drive, besides flooding, can produce a robust double filter that puts extreme challenges on the biota, which can also produce evolutive adaptations, such as the thick bark of trees, to avoid being burned, and adaptive behavior of animals to detect and avoid flames and also to explore burned sites. As a result, we have a very special biota in these environments that can cope with these two opposite drives. However, climate change and changes in human occupation patterns are causing shifts in fire regimes, increasing the occurrence of megafires, which impact biodiversity, ecosystem services, human health, and the economy. Besides climatic conditions, mismatches in fire management and policies can worsen the problem. Given this scenario, understanding the different effects of fire on wetlands is of utmost importance for their conservation. Thus, this session's objective is to discuss the state-of-the-art knowledge of this biota, its ability to survive fire and flooding, and how these environments can be managed to prevent megafires. We will also discuss the impact of megafires in wetlands on the health of the human population and the economy. The session's results will focus on Global South wetlands and extend to other fire-dependent wetlands worldwide, such as the Okavango Delta. We think it will interest ATBC attendees because megafires in wetlands have become more frequent recently, and there is no substantial literature on how these environments can work. We aim to increase interest in this subject for tropical scientists who intend to work on these tropical wetlands.